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286.	Pro-poor interventions for local economic development: the case for sectoral targeting
	Wednesday, February 15, 2006  by Admin
	In international debates about planning for local economic development (LED) there is increased discussion about the existence of a growing degree of "convergence" in policy prescriptions across both developed and developing countries. Although the context for LED policy in the South is viewed as different from that prevailing in the developed North (Helmsing, 2001a, 2001b, 2001c)...
287.	State building through poverty reduction in Tanzania
	Wednesday, February 15, 2006  by Admin
	'The best way of learning to be an independent state is to be an independent sovereign state.' Kwame Nkrumah, first citation in Building Effective States, Forging Engaged Societies ‘Development cannot be imposed, it can only be facilitated; it requires ownership, participation and empowerment, not harangues and dictates. African countries… have to assume full ownership and responsibility for their development.
288.	Helping Children Reclaim Their Lives: Reducing Child Labor in Tanzania through Education
	Wednesday, February 15, 2006  by Admin
	Commercial agriculture in Tanzania employs large numbers of these youngsters. They provide much of the manual and machine-based labor on tobacco, coffee, tea, sugarcane, and sisal plantations. (Sisal is a fibrous crop from which rope is manufactured.) For example, in one area of the coastal region, 30 percent of the sisal plantation workers are children aged 12 to 14. They labor up to 11 hours per day with no specific rest periods, six days a week.
289.	MDG-orientated sector and poverty reduction strategies: lessons from experience in health
	Wednesday, February 15, 2006  by Admin
	This paper summarises a forthcoming study to examine how the Millennium Development Goals related to health are being taken forward at country level, based on a literature review plus 14 country case studies of varying depth1. The country cases were chosen to include all countries with completed PRSPs that were being supported with both an IMF PRGF and a World Bank PRSC. The paper is organised in eight sections, each with brief 'Summary Points' at the end to highlight the main conclusions and recommendations.
290.	Pro-Poor Growth Strategies in Africa: Tourism: A Viable Option for Pro-Poor Growth in Africa?
	Wednesday, February 15, 2006  by Admin
	Evidence shows that growth alone is not sufficient to stop the marginalization of Africa and to improve the standards of living of its inhabitants. What is necessary for poverty reduction is a strategy of pro-poor growth in which economic growth is combined with reductions in inequality. From the analysis of the tourism industry and through the evidence shown by case studies conducted by various institutions in the last few years, it seems clear that tourism has great potentialities for poverty reduction purposes.
291.	Medium Term Expenditure Frameworks: From Concept to Practice. Preliminary Lessons from Africa
	Wednesday, February 15, 2006  by Admin
	Medium Term Expenditure Frameworks (MTEFs) are receiving renewed attention in the context of the formulation of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs). Conceptually, MTEFs are the ideal tool for translating PRSPs into public expenditure programs within a coherent multiyear macroeconomic and fiscal framework. But do MTEFs work in practice? With a view to drawing preliminary lessons from experience, this paper undertakes a comparative assessment of the design and impact of MTEFs on public finance and economic management in nine African countries.
292.	E-commerce for development: prospects and policy issues
	Wednesday, February 15, 2006  by Admin
	In this paper, we analyse the potential contribution of the Internet and its commercial application to the development process in poor countries. In historical perspective, the Internet has diffused at a far faster rate than earlier generations of communications technology: from 1990 to early 2000, the estimated number of Internet users grew more than tenfold to roughly 300 million, affecting the way in which people communicate with each other, acquire information, learn, do business, and interact culturally.
293.	How, When and Why does Poverty get Budget Priority Poverty Reduction Strategy and Public
	Wednesday, February 15, 2006  by Admin
	This working paper is one of five African case studies aimed at understanding the factors influencing the priority given to poverty within the budget process and the effectiveness with which it is addressed. This study is based on a review of the extensive existing literature, and on a series of structured interviews with participants in the policy process in government, civil society and the donor community during February and March 2001.
294.	Understanding economic and political reforms in Tanzania
	Wednesday, February 15, 2006  by Admin
	The last three decades have been a period of fundamental policy and institutional transformations in many societies of the world. With the dominant idea in the post World War-II period that the state could be set to do better than the market and should therefore play a critical role in guiding societies that lacked a strong entrepreneurial class towards a sustainable growth path, most states directly concerned themselves with production in an attempt to accelerate capital accumulation and to acquire new technologies.
295.	Does General Budget Support Work? Evidence from Tanzania
	Wednesday, February 15, 2006  by Admin
	In summary, GBS in Tanzania has not had all the positive effects expected of it, some of which are necessarily long-term. But the gains that have been made are important and would not have been so effectively facilitated by any other aid modality.
296.	Reducing Poverty through sound environmental governance
	Wednesday, February 15, 2006  by Admin
	Natural resources are the backbone of many developing countries economies, 92 per cent of all export earnings in Africa originate from primary commodities such as agricultural, mineral, marine and forest products. Seventy percent of the world’s poor live in rural areas depend directly on natural resources for their food, water, energy, shelter, medicine, income and clothing
297.	Rapid assessments in urban areas: lessons from Bangladesh and Tanzania
	Wednesday, February 15, 2006  by Admin
	An understanding of urban issues is extremely important for programming, especially for organizations that have traditionally focused on assisting poor households and communities in rural areas. Development organizations and governments frequently use rapid assessment methods because they have limited resources and little time to devote to longer-term, more complex research projects. Generally these methods employ qualitative techniques to solicit information from relatively small numbers of people.
298.	Sustainable tourism and poverty alleviation
	Wednesday, February 15, 2006  by Admin
	Total international tourist arrivals have grown from a mere 25 million in 1950 to 718 million in 2002. This represents an average annual growth rate close to 7% over this period. The receipts generated by these arrivals have reached 474 billion US dollars in 2002, and the average annual growth rate has been even higher than that of arrivals. Perhaps more important than this growth has been the diversification of destinations that has taken place during the last 30 years or so.
299.	E-Commerce for Community-Based Tourism in Developing Countries
	Wednesday, February 15, 2006  by Admin
	Tourism is one of the world's largest industries, and it is a natural partner for the Internet, where it is also the world's largest on-line industry. Tourism is growing fastest in the developing countries, where it is a major component of most economies. Community-based tourism (CBT) has been shown to foster local development in developing countries, particularly in the poorer rural areas.
300.	Industry for the World’s Poor
	Wednesday, February 15, 2006  by Admin
	Pro-Poor Tourism: Harnessing the World's Largest Tourism is one of the world's largest industries, generating an estimated 11% of global Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employing 200 million people and transporting nearly 700 million international travellers per year – a figure that is expected to double by 2020. Developing countries currently have only a minority share of the international tourism market (approximately 30%) but this is growing.
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